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The genus Aspergillus, one of the most abundant airborne fungi, is classified into hundreds of species that affect humans, animals, and plants. Among these, Aspergillus nidulans, as a key model organism, has been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms governing growth and development, physiology, and gene regulation in fungi. A. nidulans primarily reproduces by forming millions of asexual spores known as conidia. The asexual life cycle of A. nidulans can be simply divided into growth and asexual development (conidiation). After a certain period of vegetative growth, some vegetative cells (hyphae) develop into specialized asexual structures called conidiophores. Each A. nidulans conidiophore is composed of a foot cell, stalk, vesicle, metulae, phialides, and 12,000 conidia. This vegetative-to-developmental transition requires the activity of various regulators including FLB proteins, BrlA, and AbaA. Asymmetric repetitive mitotic cell division of phialides results in the formation of immature conidia. Subsequent conidial maturation requires multiple regulators such as WetA, VosA, and VelB. Matured conidia maintain cellular integrity and long-term viability against various stresses and desiccation. Under appropriate conditions, the resting conidia germinate and form new colonies, and this process is governed by a myriad of regulators, such as CreA and SocA. To date, a plethora of regulators for each asexual developmental stage have been identified and investigated. This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulators of conidial formation, maturation, dormancy, and germination in A. nidulans.

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THE LIVES OF A CELL : LEWIS THOMAS : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Electrochemical characterization of anode‐free K‐metal full‐cells. a)

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Cells, Free Full-Text

Labile coat: reason for noninfectious cell-free varicella-zoster virus in culture. - Abstract - Europe PMC

from Flow Cytometry to Cytomics, Page 2

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology on X: From May cover Challenges and directions in studying cell–cell communication by #ExtracellularVesicles @DaveCarter1234 @guillaume_niel @VaderPieter Clayton Lambert & Raposo #EVsAreCool FREE pdf: https

Scheme of cell free cloning using DMF. ( A ) The full length construct